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Süstemaatiline kuuluvus (APG IV)
Riik: Taimed (Plantae)
Klaad: Soontaimed (Tracheophyta)
Klaad: Katteseemnetaimed (Angiospermae)
Klaad: Üheidulehelised (Monocotyledon)
Selts: Asparilaadsed (Asparagales)
Sugukond: Võhumõõgalised (Iridaceae)
Perekond: Krookus (Crocus)
Liik: Kevadine krookus - Crocus vernus L.
Botaaniline kirjeldus
Kevadine krookus on mitmeaastane rohtne sibultaim võhumõõgaliste sugukonnast, perekonnast krookus. Taime kõrgus on 10-15 cm, lehed kitsad, elliptilised ja juurmised, suured lehterjad õied asetsevad harilikult mitmekaupa, avanevad päikesepaistel. Krookuse õisikud on arenguloo vältel taandarenenud – tihti on säilinud vaid üks õis. Õiekate lihtne, kolmetine. Kroon ja tupplehed eristamatud ja moodustavad lehterja suure õie, õielehed asetsevad kahe ringina. Neeluosas kokku kasvades moodustavad õielehtede pinnukesed pika toruja krooniputke, mida peetakse ekslikult taime varreks. Lehed tekivad lehed enne õitsemist või õitsemise ajal. Tolmukaid on kolm, need on õiekroonist lühemad. Emakkond paikneb tavaliselt sibula kohal, krooniputke sees, on maa-alune. Vili on kolmeosaline kupar, mis mille raag küpsedes pikeneb, niiet vili küpseb maapinna kohal. Taimel on väga palju kultivare ja hübriide. [1,2]
Levila
Looduslik levila on Euroopa. Kultiveeritakse kõikides maailma osades, kus esineb talv. [2]
Toime ja kasutamine
Kasvatatakse iluaianduses varakevadise õitsejana.
Kasutatud kirjandus
1. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, December 10). Crocus. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:50, January 4, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crocus&oldid=1189265372
2. Crocus vernus (L.) Hill. Published on the Internet;http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000789185. Accessed on: 04 Jan 2024
Classification (APG IV)
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Aspargales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Crocus
Species: Spring crocus - Crocus vernus L.
Botanical Description
The spring crocus (Crocus vernus) is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant belonging to the family Iridaceae and the genus Crocus. The plant grows to a height of 10–15 cm. Its leaves are narrow, elliptical, basal, and its large, funnel-shaped flowers typically occur in clusters, opening in sunlight. During its evolutionary development, the inflorescences of the crocus have often reduced to a single flower.
The perianth is simple and trimerous. The sepals and petals are indistinguishable and form a large funnel-shaped flower, with floral parts arranged in two whorls. The segments converge at the base, creating a long tubular floral tube often mistaken for the plant’s stem. The leaves emerge either before or during flowering. The plant has three stamens, which are shorter than the perianth segments. The ovary is usually positioned just above the bulb, within the floral tube, and remains underground. The fruit is a three-chambered capsule, and as it matures, the stalk elongates, elevating the fruit above ground. The plant is known for its many cultivars and hybrids. [1,2]
Distribution
The natural distribution range of the spring crocus includes Europe. It is cultivated worldwide in regions that experience winters. [2]
Uses
The spring crocus is grown in ornamental horticulture as an early spring bloomer.
References
1. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, December 10). Crocus. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:50, January 4, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crocus&oldid=1189265372
2. Crocus vernus (L.) Hill. Published on the Internet; http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000789185. Accessed on: 04 Jan 2024