Süstemaatiline kuuluvus (APG IV)
Riik: Taimed (Plantae)
Klaad: Soontaimed (Tracheophyta)
Klaad: Katteseemnetaimed (Angiospermae)
Klaad: Päriskaheidulehelised (Eudicotyledonae)
Selts : Kapsalaadsed (Brassicales)
Sugukond: Ämbliklillelised (Cleomaceae)
Perekond: Ämbliklill (Cleome)
Liik: Ogane ämbliklill - Cleome spinosa Jacq.

Botaaniline kirjeldus
Ogane ämbliklill on ühe-või mitmeaastane taim, kes moodustab vähe hargnenud püstise kasvukujuga põõsa ja võib kasvada üle meetri kõrguseks. Varred on okkalised, vahelduvalt paiknevad sõrmjagused liitlehed moodustuvad kolmest kuni viiest lehekesest. Õied väga omapärased, sarnanevad ämblikule - neli õiekroonlehte paiknevad ühel pool õit, teisel pool on aga peenikesed ja pikad tolmukad ja emakakael. Õied koondunud tipmisesse rohkeõielisse kobarõisikusse, puhkevad altpoolt ülespoole, ning kobar venib seejuures pidevalt pikemaks. Äraõitsenud õisikutest moodustuvad külgedele suunatud väljavenitatud kuprad pikkadel viljavartel.  [1] Taime tolmeldavad nahkhiired. [2] 

Levila
Taim on pärit Uue Maailma troopikast ja on sisse toodud USA-sse, troopilisse Aafrikasse, India alamkontinendile, Vietnamisse, Uus-Kaledooniasse ja Koreasse.  Taim on valgus- ja soojalembene, põuakindel ning ei talu seisvat vett. [3] 

Toime ja kasutamine
Traditsioonilises meditsiinis on perekonna ämbliklill liike kasutatakse seedimist soodustavate vahenditena, punetuse, reumaatilise palaviku ja diabeedi raviks. C. spinosa leheekstraktid sisaldavad polüfenoole, flavonoide ja kleomeprenoole (nonaprenool, dekaprenool ja undekaprenool). Lisaks on C. spinosa kuivadest seemnetest isoleeritud 24 tüüpi lenduvaid ühendeid. [4]

Ämbliklille eeterlikest õlidest sialdub Eeterlike õlide keemiline analüüs on näidanud, et kogu taime õhuosades domineerivad komponendid on (Z)-fütool, integerrimiin ja intensool. Õieõlis on põhikomponentideks 7-α-hüdroksümanool, intensool ja sklerool, samas kui puuviljaõlis on domineerivad tetradekanoehape, (Z)-fütool ja sklerool. Leheõlis leidub enim (Z)-fütooli, 7-α-hüdroksü manooli ja karüofülleenoksiidi. [5]

Taime eeterlikel õlidel on tõestatud antimikroobne toime, eriti efektiivsed on need Streptococcus pyogenes Grupp A vastu, võrreldes standardsete antibiootikumidega. Lisaks on õlidel mõõdukas insektitsiidne toime Cylas formicarius elegantaluse (bataadi kärsaka) vastu. C. spinosa alkohol ekstrakt võib olla kasutatav toimeainena farmaatsia- või kosmeetikatoodete koostises, et soodustada juuksefolliikulite kasvu. Varem läbi viidud uuring taime nafta- ja atsetooniekstraktide kohta näitas, et need omavad anti-HIV aktiivsust ning on tsütotoksilised mitmete inimeste vähirakkude tüüpide suhtes, sealhulgas leukeemia, rinna- ja käärsoolevähi suhtes. [5]

Kasutatud allikad
1. Borgheresi, E., & Silva, R. (1985). Jardinería Básica No1 (1st ed., p. 88). Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello. Retrieved November 17, 2023, from https://books.google.es/books?id=ou_7QvudpG0C&lpg=PA88&dq=cleome%20spinosa&hl=es&pg=PA88#v=onepage&q=cleome%20spinosa&f=false 
2. Machado, I., Lopes, C. A., Leite, A. V., & Neves, C. V. B. (2006). Cleome spinosa (Capparaceae): Polygamodioecy and pollination by bats in urban and Caatinga areas, northeastern Brazil. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, 127, 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1127/0006-8152/2006/0127-0069
3. "Cleome spinosa Jacq". (2017). Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved November 17, 2023, from http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60454721-2
4. Khuntia, A., Martorell, M., Ilango, K., Bungau, S. G., Radu, A.-F., Behl, T., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2022). Theoretical evaluation of Cleome species' bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential: A literature review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 151, 113161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113161
5. McNeil, M. J., Porter, R. B. R., Williams, L. A. D., & Rainford, L. (2010). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Cleome Spinosa. Natural Product Communications, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000500833

Classification (APG IV)
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Cleomaceae
Genus: Cleome
Species: Spiny spiderflower - Cleome spinosa L.

Botanical Description
The spiny spider flower (Cleome spinosa) is an annual or perennial plant that forms an upright, sparsely branched shrub and can grow over 1 meter tall. The stems are spiny, and the alternately arranged palmately compound leaves consist of three to five leaflets. The flowers are highly distinctive, resembling a spider: four petals are clustered on one side of the flower, while long, slender stamens and a style protrude on the opposite side. Flowers are grouped in terminal, many-flowered racemes that bloom from the bottom upward, causing the raceme to elongate continuously. After flowering, elongated pods form on long stalks that spread laterally. [1] The plant is pollinated by bats. [2]

Distribution
Native to the tropical regions of the New World, Cleome spinosa has been introduced to the United States, tropical Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Vietnam, New Caledonia, and Korea. The plant is light- and heat-loving, drought-resistant, and intolerant of stagnant water. [3]

Effects and Uses
In traditional medicine, Cleome species are used to aid digestion and treat redness, rheumatic fever, and diabetes. Extracts from C. spinosa leaves contain polyphenols, flavonoids, and cleomerenols (nonaprenol, decaprenol, and undecaprenol). Additionally, 24 types of volatile compounds have been isolated from the plant's seeds. [4]

The essential oils of C. spinosa have been chemically analyzed, revealing the dominance of compounds such as (Z)-phytol, integerrimin, and intensol in the aerial parts. Flower oil contains 7-α-hydroxymanol, intensol, and sclareol, while fruit oil is rich in tetradecanoic acid, (Z)-phytol and sclareol. Leaf oil is dominated by (Z)-phytol, 7-α-hydroxymanol, and caryophyllene oxide. [5]

The plant’s essential oils have demonstrated antimicrobial activity, particularly against Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A), outperforming standard antibiotics. The oils also have moderate insecticidal properties against Cylas formicarius elegantulus (sweet potato weevil). Alcoholic extracts of C. spinosa may promote hair follicle growth and have potential applications in pharmaceuticals or cosmetics. Previous studies on its petroleum and acetone extracts have shown anti-HIV activity and cytotoxic effects against various human cancer cell lines, including leukemia, breast, and colorectal cancers. [5]

References
1. Borgheresi, E., & Silva, R. (1985). Jardinería Básica No1 (1st ed., p. 88). Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello. Retrieved from Google Books.
2. Machado, I., Lopes, C. A., Leite, A. V., & Neves, C. V. B. (2006). Cleome spinosa (Capparaceae): Polygamodioecy and pollination by bats in urban and Caatinga areas, northeastern Brazil. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, 127, 69–82. DOI:10.1127/0006-8152/2006/0127-0069.
3. "Cleome spinosa Jacq". (2017). Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved from Plants of the World Online.
4. Khuntia, A., et al. (2022). Theoretical evaluation of Cleome species' bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential: A literature review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 151, 113161. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113161.
5. McNeil, M. J., et al. (2010). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Cleome Spinosa. Natural Product Communications, 5(8). DOI:10.1177/1934578X1000500833.